According to the definitive statement in the Quran (Surah An-Nisa, 4:157), the claim by some Jews to have killed Jesus ('Isa), the son of Mary, is a boast founded on falsehood. The verse explicitly states, 'they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him, but it was made to appear to them so.' Classical Islamic scholarship, including the tafsirs of Al-Tabari and Ibn Kathir, has unanimously interpreted this as a divine intervention where Allah protected His messenger. [4, 12, 21] The dominant explanation, known as the substitution theory, posits that the likeness of Jesus was cast upon another individual—variously identified in traditions as Judas Iscariot or a volunteer disciple—who was then crucified. [2, 12] The verse critiques those who rely on doubt and conjecture, affirming with certainty that Jesus was not killed but was instead raised by Allah to Himself. This Quranic account forms a foundational tenet of Islamic Christology, directly opposing the Christian narrative of crucifixion and atonement and highlighting Allah's ultimate power over the plans of humanity. [1, 6]