The Sabians (aṣ-Ṣābiʾīn) are a religious group mentioned in the Quran, whose precise identity has been a subject of extensive scholarly discussion, often referred to as an 'unsolved Quranic problem'. They are mentioned three times alongside Jews and Christians, with two verses suggesting that righteous Sabians who believe in God and the Last Day will receive salvation. Classical commentators like Al-Tabari and Ibn Kathir offered varied interpretations, sometimes identifying them as star-worshippers or a group intermediate between Judaism and other faiths. Modern scholarship has largely focused on two main groups as potential identities for the Quranic Sabians: the Mandaeans, a Gnostic sect who revere John the Baptist and practice ritual baptism, and the Harranians, a community in ancient Mesopotamia known for their astral religion. In contemporary Iraq and Iran, the Mandaean community is officially recognized as the Sabians.