According to search-discovered classical Islamic scholarship, an oath (Yamin) is a solemn promise confirmed by invoking the name or attributes of Allah, creating a sacred covenant. Jurists like Al-Qurtubi categorize oaths into three types: the unintentional or habitual oath (Laghw), for which there is no blame; the false oath regarding a past event (Ghamus), which is a major sin requiring deep repentance; and the deliberate, binding oath for the future (Mun'aqidah), which must be fulfilled. Breaking a deliberate oath necessitates a prescribed act of expiation known as Kaffarah, detailed in Surah Al-Ma'idah (5:89). This synthesis, supported by commentators like Ibn Kathir, establishes oaths as a profound test of a believer's truthfulness, commitment, and reverence for the Divine, linking personal integrity directly to one's faith.