According to the unanimous consensus of classical Islamic scholarship, the expiation for a deliberately broken oath (Kaffarat Ayman) is a divinely legislated act of atonement detailed in Surah Al-Ma'idah, verse 89. Classical authorities like Ibn Kathir and Al-Qurtubi explain this verse as providing a clear hierarchy of options. The person who broke the oath has the choice of feeding ten needy individuals with the average food of their family, providing clothing for them, or freeing a believing slave. This choice emphasizes social welfare and compassion. Al-Tabari clarifies that these options are a direct means to 'cover' the sin of the broken promise. The Quran then provides a merciful concession: if an individual lacks the financial means to perform any of these three acts, they are required to fast for three days as an alternative. This synthesis across scholarly traditions establishes the kaffarah as a fundamental principle in Islamic jurisprudence that balances personal responsibility, social justice, and divine mercy.