According to search-discovered classical Islamic scholarship, Al-Ma'ruf (المعروف) is a foundational Quranic principle that literally means 'that which is known' and refers to all actions, speech, and beliefs recognized as good, just, and proper by both divine law (Shari'ah) and sound human reason. Imam al-Tabari traces its linguistic roots to knowledge and recognition, indicating that its goodness is self-evident to a sound conscience. Across its 38 mentions in the Quran, Ibn Kathir explains that Al-Ma'ruf is comprehensive, encompassing everything Islam enjoins, from the highest principle of monotheism to the simplest acts of kindness. This concept is famously paired with its opposite, Al-Munkar (the reprehensible). A significant application of Al-Ma'ruf is the collective duty upon the Muslim community to 'enjoin what is good' (amr bi'l-ma'ruf), as stated in Surah Al-Imran (3:104), establishing a framework for social responsibility. Furthermore, as Al-Qurtubi's analysis highlights, the term is frequently used in the context of family law, demanding kind, fair, and equitable treatment (bi'l-ma'ruf) in marriage, divorce, and financial dealings. Thus, Al-Ma'ruf serves as a comprehensive ethical standard for personal conduct, marital harmony, and the foundation of a righteous society.