According to search-discovered classical Islamic scholarship, Oppression (الظلم - Al-Zulm) is a profoundly serious sin, fundamentally defined as 'placing something in other than its proper place.' This concept encompasses all forms of injustice, wrongdoing, and transgression beyond the divine limits. Classical commentators like Al-Qurtubi and Ibn Kathir, analyzing verses such as 2:193 and 42:42, explain that Zulm manifests in three primary domains: the greatest injustice of Shirk (associating partners with Allah), injustice towards fellow human beings (social, economic, and physical), and injustice towards oneself (committing sins). The Quran takes an unequivocal stance, permitting and at times commanding believers to fight against persecution (fitnah) to establish a just order where worship is for God alone. The linguistic analysis of the root ظ-ل-م confirms its association with darkness, highlighting how oppression spiritually darkens the heart and society, standing in direct opposition to the divine light of justice ('Adl).