According to search-discovered classical Islamic scholarship, the directives for women in Surah An-Nur, verse 31, establish a comprehensive framework of modesty (Haya) that extends beyond mere dress to encompass conduct and consciousness. Tafsir Ibn Kathir explains that the initial commands—to lower the gaze and guard chastity—are internal and external acts of piety that parallel the injunctions for men, creating a system of mutual responsibility. [21] Al-Qurtubi's analysis further details the fiqh (legal) aspects, particularly regarding adornment (Zinah), which includes both natural beauty and ornaments, that should be concealed from all but a specified list of mahram (unmarriageable) relatives. [16] The verse's instruction to 'draw their veils (khumur) over their bosoms' is understood as a command to ensure modest coverage of the head, neck, and chest. [5] This synthesis, grounded in Quran 24:31, portrays modesty not as a restriction but as a form of divine protection and worship that elevates a woman's dignity and promotes a righteous society.