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provisions for one year

Explore Verses Related to provisions for one year

At a Glance

According to the unanimous consensus of classical Islamic scholarship, the topic of 'Provisions for one Year' (متاع إلى الحول), based on Quran 2:240, refers to an early ruling that instructed husbands to make a bequest (wasiyyah) for their widows to receive maintenance and residence for a full year without being turned out. Tafsir authorities such as Ibn Kathir, Al-Tabari, and Al-Qurtubi explain that this verse provided crucial security for widows before the final inheritance laws were revealed. Subsequently, this ruling's obligatory nature was abrogated (naskh) by two later, permanent legal principles: the specified waiting period ('iddah) of four months and ten days (Quran 2:234) and the widow's fixed, unalienable share of inheritance (one-fourth or one-eighth) as detailed in Surah An-Nisa (4:12). This legislative progression demonstrates Allah's wisdom, transitioning from a temporary provision to a more secure and permanent set of rights. While no longer an obligation on the heirs, making such a bequest voluntarily is still considered a recommended and virtuous act.

📖 Quranic Context

Central to the Islamic legal concept of abrogation (Naskh), illustrating the progression of divine legislation regarding widows' rights.

Shows Allah's wisdom in providing for widows, first through a temporary provision and later through permanent, divinely ordained rights.

References: Specifically Quran 2:240, which established an initial ruling for widows.

💭 Theological Perspective

Addresses the societal responsibility and care for a vulnerable member of the community (a widow) after the death of her husband.

Represents a key example of legislative progression in the Quran, where an initial ruling was superseded by a final, more comprehensive one concerning the waiting period ('iddah) and inheritance (mirath).

Encourages generosity from the husband through a final bequest (wasiyyah) and patience and dignity from the widow.

📜 Hadith Perspective

Discussions among the companions, notably between Ibn Az-Zubayr and 'Uthman ibn 'Affan regarding the verse's inclusion in the Qur'an post-abrogation, confirm its established status.

  • Abrogation (Naskh)
  • Widow's rights
  • Inheritance laws

Universal agreement among classical commentators that the obligatory ruling of verse 2:240 is abrogated by subsequent verses on 'iddah and inheritance.

💎 Deeper Insights

Search grounding reveals this is not a 'cancellation' of a ruling, but a 'legislative upgrade'. The initial one-year provision was a temporary support system. The final abrogating laws of a shorter 'iddah' and a fixed inheritance share provided the widow with two superior rights: greater personal freedom sooner and direct ownership of capital, empowering her financially rather than making her dependent on maintenance.

Al-Qurtubi, Ibn Kathir

Cross-verse synthesis shows the preservation of the verse in the Quran, despite its ruling's abrogation, serves a key function: it maintains the ethical spirit of the original ruling. While the *obligation* is lifted, the verse acts as a permanent encouragement (mustahabb) for husbands to voluntarily bequeath extra support to their wives, an act of ihsan (excellence) beyond the call of duty. This preserves the compassionate intent of the original law.

As-Suyooti, Contemporary Jurists

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