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Messiah
المسيح
Messiah (المسيح) is a name used in the Quran for Jesus.

At a Glance

In Islamic theology, the title 'Messiah' (المسيح, Al-Masih) is a profound and exclusive honorific for Jesus (Isa), the son of Mary. Mentioned eleven times in the Quran, this title confirms his esteemed status as a great prophet and messenger of Allah. According to classical scholars such as Ibn Kathir and Al-Tabari, the term 'Al-Masih' is derived from the Arabic root 'masaha,' signifying 'to anoint,' 'to wipe,' or 'to touch.' This has led to several interpretations: that he was anointed with blessings and prophethood, that he healed the sick by wiping them with his hand (by Allah's permission), or that he was purified and wiped clean of sins. The Quranic narrative, as elucidated in the tafsir of these verses, consistently portrays the Messiah as a 'Word' from Allah and a spirit from Him, born miraculously to the Virgin Mary. However, this exalted status is always framed within the strict boundaries of Tawhid (Islamic monotheism). The Quran uses the title 'Messiah' to simultaneously honor Jesus and refute the Christian doctrine of his divinity, as emphasized in verses like 4:171 and 5:72. Furthermore, the Islamic concept of the Messiah is deeply intertwined with eschatology; authentic narrations from the Prophet Muhammad confirm that Isa al-Masih will return before the Day of Judgment to defeat the false messiah (Dajjal) and establish an era of justice and peace. Thus, the Islamic understanding of the Messiah is that of a revered human prophet with a unique divine mission, past, present, and future, who remains a devoted servant of the one true God.

📖 Quranic Context

A central and exclusive title for Jesus (Isa), emphasizing his unique prophetic role and honored status, while unequivocally affirming his servitude to Allah and refuting claims of his divinity.

A title bestowed by Allah, signifying a chosen and honored messenger, a 'Word' from Him, and a spirit from Him, yet always as a created being and servant.

References: 3:45, 4:157, 4:171, 4:172, 5:17, 5:72, 5:75, 9:30, 9:31

💭 Theological Perspective

📜 Hadith Perspective

The Hadith literature elaborates on the eschatological role of Isa al-Masih, detailing his descent, his slaying of the Dajjal, and the period of peace and justice under his rule.

  • The second coming of Jesus.
  • His role as a just ruler.
  • Breaking the cross and killing the swine as a rejection of false doctrines.
  • The establishment of an era of peace and abundance.

There is a consensus among Sunni scholars regarding the authentic narrations about the return of Jesus as a sign of the end times.

💎 Deeper Insights

The Quran's use of the title 'Messiah' is a powerful act of theological appropriation and correction. It affirms a term central to Judaism and Christianity but redefines it within the strict framework of Islamic monotheism, thus engaging in a direct dialogue with other Abrahamic faiths.

Ibn Kathir, Al-Qurtubi

The linguistic duality of the root 'masaha' (to wipe/anoint) is seen by some scholars as reflecting the dual nature of Jesus's mission: to 'wipe away' the misinterpretations of the law and to be 'anointed' with a special divine purpose, including his future role of 'wiping out' the fitna (trial) of the Dajjal.

Al-Tabari, Linguistic analysts

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