The Islamic system of inheritance concerning the shares of offspring and parents is a divinely ordained framework detailed in Surah An-Nisa, verse 11 of the Quran. Classical scholars like Imam Al-Qurtubi and Ibn Kathir explain that this verse establishes fixed, obligatory shares (Faraid) to ensure justice and prevent disputes. For children, the fundamental principle is that a son receives a share equivalent to that of two daughters. If there is only one daughter, she inherits half the estate, and if there are two or more daughters (with no sons), they collectively inherit two-thirds. For parents, if their deceased child has offspring, each parent is entitled to a one-sixth share. In the absence of children, the mother receives one-third (unless the deceased has siblings, in which case her share is one-sixth). The wisdom behind these allocations, particularly the 2:1 ratio for sons and daughters, is linked to the differing financial responsibilities placed upon men in the Islamic social structure. This comprehensive system, a core component of 'Ilm al-Fara'id (the science of inheritance), underscores the Islamic emphasis on familial ties, economic equity, and submission to divine law.