According to search-discovered classical Islamic scholarship, government (Al-Hukm) is a divinely mandated trust (Amanah) to implement justice ('Adl) and maintain social order based on the principles of the Shari'ah. The Quran establishes that ultimate sovereignty belongs to Allah alone, while humans act as His vicegerents (Khalifah) on Earth. Key Quranic injunctions, such as the command to 'judge with justice' (4:58) and to conduct affairs through 'mutual consultation' (Shura) (42:38), form its constitutional basis. Classical authorities like Al-Qurtubi and Ibn Taymiyyah emphasized that the legitimacy of any government is contingent upon its commitment to upholding divine law and serving the welfare of the people. Political philosophers like Ibn Khaldun further analyzed the sociological dynamics of the state, asserting that justice and good governance are essential for a civilization's prosperity and stability. This synthesis establishes Islamic governance not as a specific political model, but as a framework of divine principles and ethical objectives.