According to search-discovered classical Islamic scholarship, the prohibition of fighting during the Sacred Months (al-Ashhur al-Hurum) is a divine ordinance established by Allah in the Quran (9:36) since the creation of the universe. This ruling designates four months—Dhul-Qa'dah, Dhul-Hijjah, Muharram, and Rajab—as inviolable periods where initiating warfare is a grave sin. Tafsir Ibn Kathir clarifies that this law was instituted to ensure peace, facilitate the pilgrimage, and teach humanity restraint. Al-Qurtubi adds that the sanctity (Hurmah) of these months means that both good deeds and sins are magnified. The synthesis of Quranic verses, particularly 2:194 and 2:217, confirms a crucial exception: fighting in self-defense is permitted if Muslims are attacked. Therefore, the prohibition is on aggression, not on proportionate, defensive retaliation. This principle forms a cornerstone of Islamic ethics of war, emphasizing that peace is the default state and conflict is a regulated exception.