According to search-discovered classical Islamic scholarship, the Quranic statement in Surah Al-Anfal, verse 73, 'And those who disbelieved are allies of one another,' is a foundational principle in Islamic worldview. Tafsir masters like Al-Tabari, Al-Qurtubi, and Ibn Kathir explain this not merely as a description but as a divine declaration of a natural law: a shared rejection of faith creates a bond of mutual support and protection among disbelievers. This concept is presented in direct contrast to the preceding verse (8:72), which establishes the mutual alliance and guardianship among believers. The verse further warns that if the believers fail to maintain their own distinct, unified community, the result will be 'fitnah' (trials, strife, and confusion) and 'fasadun kabeer' (great corruption) on earth, as the divine order of allegiance would be disrupted. This principle is central to the Islamic concept of Al-Wala' wal-Bara' (Loyalty and Disavowal), guiding the socio-political and spiritual alliances of the Muslim community.