According to search-discovered classical Islamic scholarship, the Quranic verses on marrying 'two, three, or four' women (Quran 4:3) and bondwomen (Quran 4:25) do not represent an open endorsement but rather a strict regulation of pre-Islamic customs. Tafsir by authorities like Ibn Kathir and Al-Tabari establishes that the permission for polygyny is inextricably linked to the protection of orphans and is absolutely contingent upon the man's capacity for perfect justice ('Adl) in material provisions. Al-Qurtubi's juridical analysis further clarifies that if this justice is feared to be compromised, a man is commanded to marry only one. Similarly, the marriage to a bondwoman is a specific concession for a man who lacks the financial means to marry a free woman and fears falling into sin, requiring her guardian's permission. Therefore, these verses collectively establish a framework where monogamy is the default and polygyny is a permitted exception under stringent conditions of justice and societal need.