According to search-discovered classical Islamic scholarship, the 'Breaking of Covenants' (نكث العهد - Nakth al-'Ahd) is a serious matter with a clearly defined legal and ethical framework. Tafsir of verses 8:58 and 9:12 by authorities like Ibn Kathir and Al-Qurtubi clarifies two distinct scenarios. The first, from Surah Al-Anfal (8:58), prohibits Muslims from treachery; if betrayal is feared from a party to a treaty, the pact must be openly renounced to ensure both sides are on equal footing. The second, from Surah At-Tawbah (9:12), outlines the response when the other party not only breaks the treaty but also attacks the faith, permitting fighting against the leaders of disbelief. This synthesis demonstrates that Islam commands the upholding of pacts but provides just, transparent, and proportionate protocols for dealing with suspected or actual breaches, prioritizing fairness and forbidding treachery.