According to search-discovered classical Islamic scholarship, the Quranic concept of ash-Shuh (الشُّحَّ), mentioned in Surah An-Nisa 4:128, refers to the deep-seated selfishness and avarice that is 'ever-present' in human souls. Tafsir authorities such as Ibn Kathir and Al-Tabari explain this not merely as stinginess (bukhl), but as a fundamental, innate inclination of the nafs (soul) towards greed and withholding. This trait is identified as a primary spiritual disease that manifests in human interactions, particularly during disputes over rights, as highlighted in the verse's context of marital reconciliation. The Quran, in the very same verse, prescribes the divine remedy: rising above this inherent selfishness through the conscious practice of Ihsan (doing good to others) and Taqwa (mindfulness of Allah). Successfully purifying the soul from ash-Shuh is presented elsewhere in the Quran (59:9, 64:16) as the key to attaining true success (falah), making this struggle a central theme in Islamic spiritual development (Tazkiyah).