According to search-grounded classical Islamic scholarship, Aggression ('Udwan) is the Quranic concept of initiating hostilities, unjust enmity, or transgressing divine limits. The principle, primarily derived from verses like Quran 2:190, is a strict prohibition against starting a conflict. Ibn Kathir's exegesis clarifies that fighting is only permitted against those who actively fight you, and to 'not transgress' means not to be the aggressor. Al-Qurtubi further defines transgression as specific prohibited acts even in a defensive war, such as harming non-combatants, mutilation, and unnecessary destruction. This is reinforced by the term I'tida' (transgression), which refers to exceeding the bounds of justice, even in retaliation. Al-Tabari’s linguistic analysis grounds these concepts in the root meaning of 'exceeding a limit.' The scholarly consensus establishes that Islam's default stance is peace, and aggression is a grave sin, with permission for defensive fighting being a reluctant and strictly regulated exception.